As digital transformation increasingly affects all dimensions of organizations, success in this process depends not merely on the deployment of technology, but also on employees’ mental models, attitudes, and cognitive readiness. Despite the growing importance of the concept of digital mindset, the existing literature has yet to provide a coherent and integrated framework for identifying its components and explaining the causal relationships among them. Accordingly, this study aims to identify, categorize, and hierarchically structure the components of employees’ digital mindset and to analyze how these components influence one another. This research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach in two stages. In the first stage, a PRISMA-based systematic literature review was carried out, through which 20 final articles were selected from 183 identified studies and analyzed using thematic analysis. In the second stage, the fuzzy DEMATEL method was applied, drawing on the judgments of 8 experts, to determine the causal relationships among the components and the degree of their influence. The findings revealed that employees’ digital mindset is a multidimensional construct consisting of six main components organized within a three-level structure comprising causal, mediating, and effect factors. The results further indicate that cognitive and attitudinal components form the foundation for the emergence of other dimensions of digital mindset and ultimately lead to learning-oriented, adaptable, and innovative behaviors. This framework can enrich organizational behavior literature and support the design of effective managerial interventions in the context of digital transformation.