The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the prevention of toxic behaviors among employees in public organizations. This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. In the first stage, the factors were identified through semi-structured interviews with 10 academic and executive experts from North Khorasan Province and analyzed using thematic analysis. Then, in the second stage, interpretive structural modeling was used, with Excel software, to prioritize the identified factors. The results showed that the factors affecting the prevention of toxic behaviors among employees consisted of 5 overarching themes, 14 organizing themes, and 72 basic themes, which were arranged across six levels. In addition, MICMAC analysis showed that the organizing themes of “certainty and the existence of legal frameworks,” “effectiveness of supervisory systems,” “democratic and flexible hierarchical structure,” “absence of environmental pressures,” and “leadership style” were placed in the independent cluster. Overall, the findings indicate that these factors, especially “certainty and the existence of legal frameworks,” “leadership style,” and “democratic and flexible hierarchical structure,” act as driving forces in the model for preventing toxic behaviors among employees in public organizations.