مطالعات رفتار سازمانی

مطالعات رفتار سازمانی

Moral licensing as a predictor of counterproductive work behavior in public administrations

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
عاطفه سدیری جوادی 1
فریبرز رحیم نیا 2
1 دانشجوی دکترا دانشگاه فردوسی، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، ایران، مشهد
2 استاد گروه مدیریت/ دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی/ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
Voluntary deviation from self-control, commonly referred to as moral licensing, is a phenomenon in which an individual justifies his or her immoral and counterproductive behavior depending on various factors, especially past creditable behaviors and activities, without worrying about the loss of his or her reputation and esteem. Considering the undesirable consequences of this phenomenon for the individual, organization and society, this study attempts to find the reasons and factors that lead to the formation of moral licensing in addition to the individual's previous creditable behaviors and activities. The research philosophy was descriptive, the approach was qualitative, and the strategy was emergent-based grounded theory. The population under study consists of managers and employees of public administrations in northeastern Iran. 17 individuals were selected as purposive samples until theoretical saturation was reached. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Analysis of the interviews based on actual and theoretical coding shows that the causes of moral licensing are classified into six categories. Identifying these causes can provide solutions to prevent moral licensing in the organizations.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Moral licensing
counterproductive work behavior
public administrations
grounded theory
emergent approach
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Moral licensing as a predictor of counterproductive work behavior in public administrations

نویسندگان English

Atefeh Sodeiri Javadi 1
fariborz rahimnia 2
1 Ph.D. Student Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad (FUM) - - Iran, Mashhad, Azadi Square, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences Postal Code: 9177948951
2 professor of management/ faculty of economic and administrative sciences
چکیده English

Voluntary deviation from self-control, commonly referred to as moral licensing, is a phenomenon in which an individual justifies his or her immoral and counterproductive behavior depending on various factors, especially past creditable behaviors and activities, without worrying about the loss of his or her reputation and esteem. Considering the undesirable consequences of this phenomenon for the individual, organization and society, this study attempts to find the reasons and factors that lead to the formation of moral licensing in addition to the individual's previous creditable behaviors and activities. The research philosophy was descriptive, the approach was qualitative, and the strategy was emergent-based grounded theory. The population under study consists of managers and employees of public administrations in northeastern Iran. 17 individuals were selected as purposive samples until theoretical saturation was reached. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Analysis of the interviews based on actual and theoretical coding shows that the causes of moral licensing are classified into six categories. Identifying these causes can provide solutions to prevent moral licensing in the organizations.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Moral licensing
counterproductive work behavior
public administrations
grounded theory
emergent approach
  1. Agwa, A. M. F. (2018). Workplace Deviance Behaviors. Leadership, 25.
  2. Arkes, H. R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The psychology of sunk costs. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35, 124-140. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(85)90049-4.
  3. Baumeister, R. F., & Juola Exline, J. (1999). Virtue, personality, and social relations: Self‐control as the moral muscle. Journal of personality, 67(6), 1165-1194.
  4. Bem, D. J. (1972). Self-perception theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 6, 1-62. doi:10.1016/S0065- 2601(08)60024-6.
  5. Bibi Z., Karim J., ud Din S. (2013) "Workplace incivility and counterproductive work behavior: Moderating role of emotional intelligence", Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 28(2): 317-334.
  6. Bicchieri, C. (2006). The grammar of society: The nature and dynamics of social norms. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  7. Blanken, I., van de Ven, N., & Zeelenberg, M. (2015). A meta-analytic review of moral licensing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(4), 540-558.
  8.  Bolino, M. C., & Klotz, A. C. (2015). The paradox of the unethical organizational citizen: The link between organizational citizenship behavior and unethical behavior at work. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 45-49.
  9. Bradley, J., King, E., Hebl, M. & Skorinko, J. (2010). Moral credentialing by association: The importance of choice and relationship closeness (manuscript submitted for publication).
  10. Charmaz, K., & Belgrave, L. L. (2019). Thinking about data with grounded theory. Qualitative Inquiry, 25(8), 743-753.
  11. Clot, S., Grolleau, G., & Ibanez, L. (2013b). Anti-social behavior and self-licensing: Experimental evidence from a gangster game. Presented at 30. Journées de Micraoeconomie Appliquée, Nice, FRA (2012-06-06- 2013-06-07). Retrieved from: http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/264362.
  12. Dütschke, E., Frondel, M., Schleich, J., & Vance, C. (2018). Moral licensing—another source of rebound?. Frontiers in Energy Research, 6, 38.
  13. Fragale, A. R., Overbeck, J. R., & Neale, M. A. (2011). Resources versus respect: Social judgments based on targets' power and status positions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 767–775.  
  14. Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory. Sociology Pr. 
  15. Glaser, B. G. (2002). Conceptualization: On theory and theorizing using grounded theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2), 23-38.  
  16. Glaser, B. G., & Holton, J. (2007). Remodeling grounded theory. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung. Supplement 19(32), 47-68.  
  17. Gläser, D., van Gils, S., & Van Quaquebeke, N. (2017). Pay-for-Performance and interpersonal deviance. Journal of Personnel psychology.
  18. Guba, E. G., and Y. S. Lincoln (1989). Fourth generation evaluation, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  19. Haselton, M. G., Nettle, D., & Andrews, P. W. (2005). The handbook of evolutionary psychology. The evolution of cognitive bias, 724-746 
  20. Hsi, E. (2017). An Examination of Predictors of Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Personality Traits and Transformational Leadership.
  21. Khan, U., & Dhar, R. (2006). Licensing effect in consumer choice. Journal of marketing research, 43(2), 259-266.
  22. Klotz, A. C., & Bolino, M. C. (2013). Citizenship and counterproductive work behavior: A moral licensing view. Academy of Management Review, 38(2), 292-306.
  23. Kuran, T. (1997). Private truths, public lies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  24. Lasarov, W., & Hoffmann, S. (2020). Social moral licensing. Journal of Business Ethics, 165(1), 45-66.
  25. Locke, K. (2001). Grounded theory in management research. Sage. 
  26. Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Social hierarchy: The self-reinforcing nature of power and status. Academy of Management Annals, 2, 351–398.  
  27. Marshall, C, and Rossman, G. B. (1999), Designing Qualitative Research, Newbury Park, CA. Sage Publications Inc.
  28. Miller, D. T., & Effron, D. A. (2010). Psychological license: When it is needed and how it functions. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 43, pp. 115-155). Academic Press.
  29. Miller, D. T., & Prentice, D. A. (1994). Collective errors and errors about the collective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulltetin, 20, 541–550. 
  30. Monin, B., & Miller, D. T. (2001a). Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 33–43.  
  31. Monin, B., & Miller, D. T. (2001b). Testing mediators of the moral credentials effect. Unpublished data.  
  32. Mumtaz, A. M., Rohani, S., & Mohamed, N. R. (2015). Linking person-job fit, person-organization fit, employee engagement and turnover intention: A three-step conceptual model. Asian Social Science, 11(2), 313-320
  33. Nguyen, C. M. (2021). The effect of other in-group members' organizational citizenship behavior on employees' organizational deviance: a moral licensing perspective. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies.
  34. Načinović Braje, I., Aleksić, A., & Rašić Jelavić, S. (2020). Blame it on individual or organization environment: what predicts workplace deviance more?. Social Sciences, 9(6), 99.
  35. O'Neill, T. A., Lewis, R. J., & Carswell, J. J. (2011). Employee personality, justice perceptions, and the prediction of workplace deviance. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(5), 595–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.05.025
  36. Platt, B., Waters, A. M., Schulte-Koerne, G., Engelmann, L., & Salemink, E. (2017). A review of cognitive biases in youth depression: attention, interpretation and memory. Cognition and Emotion, 31(3), 462-483.
  37. Polman, E., Pettit, N. C., & Wiesenfeld, B. M. (2013). Effects of wrongdoer status on moral licensing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(4), 614-623.
  38.  
  39. Sachdeva, S., Iliev, R., & Medin, D. L. (2009). Sinning saints and saintly sinners: The paradox of moral self-regulation. Psychological Science, 20, 523–528.
  40. Simbrunner, P., & Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2017). Moral licensing: a culture-moderated meta-analysis. Management Review Quarterly, 67(4), 201-225.
  41. Skyvington, S. (2014). License to misbehave: Organizational citizenship behavior as a moral license for deviant reactions to abusive supervision (Master's thesis, University of Waterloo).
  42. Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior: Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human resource management review, 12(2), 269-292.
  43. Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2005). The Stressor-Emotion Model of Counterproductive Work Behavior. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 151-174). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10893-007
  44. Tenbrunsel, A. E., Diekmann, K. A., Wade-Benzoni, K. A., & Bazerman, M. H. (2010). The ethical mirage: A temporal explanation as to why we are not as ethical as we think we are. Research in Organizational Behavior, 30, 153-173.  
  45. Tuzun, I. K., & Kalemci, R. A. (2018). Workplace deviance and human resource management relations: A case study of Turkish hotel employees. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(2), 137-153.
  46. Vincent, L. C., & Polman, E. (2016). 10 When being creative frees us to be bad. Cheating, corruption, and concealment: The roots of dishonesty, 166.
  47. Yam, K. C., Klotz, A. C., He, W., & Reynolds, S. J. (2017). From good soldiers to psychologically entitled: Examining when and why citizenship behavior leads to deviance. Academy of Management Journal, 60(1), 373-396.
  48. Yen T. Q., Tian Y., SankohF. P. (2013) "The impact of prevalent destructive leadership behaviors on subordinate employees in a firm", American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3(7): 595-600.
  49.  
مطالعات رفتار سازمانی
دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 43
پاییز
پاییز 1401
صفحه 181-212