مطالعات رفتار سازمانی

مطالعات رفتار سازمانی

پدیدارشناسی تجربه کارکنان: با توجه به نظریه نیازهای اکتسابی مک کللند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترا،گرایش مدیریت دولتی گرایش رفتار سازمانی، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 استاد مدیریت رفتار سازمانی و منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
در این مطالعه به مفهوم تجربۀ کارکنان پرداخته می‌شود. این مفهوم که ریشه در اقتصاد تجربه و تفکر طراحی دارد، نگاهی انسان‌نگر و طبیعت محور دارد و پیشنهادهایی به شرکت‌ها ارائه می‌کند تا بتوانند کارکنانی از چهار نسل متفاوت را در کنار خود داشته و راضی نگهدارند. رویکرد تجربۀ کارکنان از نقطه نظر کارکنان به سازمان و فرایندهای منابع انسانی می‌نگرد و در پی به دست آوردن برایندی از خواسته‌های کارکنان و سازمان است. در مرکز توجه قرار دادن کارکنان، مستلزم توجه به نیازهای آنان است، اندیشمندان رفتار سازمانی نظریه‌های مهمی در ارتباط با نیازهای کارکنان مطرح کرده‌اند، در پژوهش جاری، به تجربة کارکنان با نیازهای متفاوت، طبق نیازهای اکتسابی مک‌کللند پرداخته می‌شود. پژوهش جاری با روش پدیدارشناسی توصیفی در دو شرکت نرم‌افزاری داتین و همکاران سیستم اجرا شده و داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته و گروه کانونی جمع‌آوری شد، داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل داده‌های موستاکاس تحلیل و جمع‌بندی گردید. عوامل اثرگذار بر تجربة کارکنان بر اساس نیاز غالب قدرت، موفقیت یا نیاز به تعلق به دست آمد. برای افراد با نیاز تعلق بالا 22، با نیاز موفقیت بالا 35 و با نیاز به قدرت غالب، هشت واحد معنایی مهم شناسایی شد که به ترتیب در شش، هفت و پنج دسته‌بندی بزرگتر (بافت‌های متنی تجربه)، قرار گرفتند که لازم است در طراحی تجربة کارکنان از سوی سازمان، مد نظر قرار گیرند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Phenomenology of employee experience: According to McClelland's theory of needs

نویسندگان English

Neda Dehghani 1
aryan gholipour 2
1 Public administration department, faculty of management, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Full professor in Organizational behavior and human resource management, Faculty of management,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

In this study we will discuss the employee experience concept. This concept rooted in the experience economy and design thinking. It is human centric and nature centric and offers suggestions to companies so that they can have employees from four different generations by their side and keep them satisfied. Employee experience approach looks at organization and HR processes from viewpoint of employees and seeks to find a combination of employees' and organizations' demands. Being employee centric requires attention to their needs. Organizational behavior scholars have developed several theories about employees' needs. In this research we studied employee experience according to McClelland's theory of needs. Strategy of research is descriptive phenomenology and it conducted in two major software companies in Iran: Dotin and Hamkaran system. Research data is gathered by semi-structured interviews and focus group. The data were analyzed using Moustacas data analysis method. Effective elements on Employee Experience based on needs for Power, Achievement and Affiliation studied. For the people whit high need for power 22, need for achievement 35 and need for power eight units of meaning realized that categorized in six, seven and five bigger categories. These elements should be considered in designing EX, by organizations.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Employee Experience
McClelland'
s theory of needs
Phenomenology
Human Resource Management
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